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Granite rock hand-sized sample. A granitoid is a generic term for a diverse category of coarse-grained igneous rocks that consist predominantly of quartz, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar. [1] Granitoids range from plagioclase-rich tonalites to alkali-rich syenites and from quartz-poor monzonites to quartz-rich quartzolites. [2]
As shown in the QAPF diagram, alkali feldspar granite contains between 20% - 60% quartz. Less quartz content would lead to "quartz alkali feldspar syenite". More than 90% of the total feldspar content is in the form of alkali feldspar. Less than that amount would designate the rock as a granite. [4] Mineral assemblage of igneous rocks
Epidosite – Hydrothermally altered epidote- and quartz-bearing rock; Felsite – Very fine-grained volcanic rock that sometimes contains larger crystals; Flint – Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz; Ganister – Hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone, or orthoquartzite; Gossan – Intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock
Quartz (SiO 2) is present as more than 20% of the total quartz-alkali feldspar-plagioclase-feldspathoid content of the rock. [1] [2] Amphiboles and biotite are common in lesser quantities, while accessory minerals include apatite, magnetite and zircon. [3] [4] In older references tonalite is sometimes used as a synonym for quartz diorite.
Quartz porphyry from the island of Alnö, Sweden. Phenocrysts of clear glassy rounded quartz and white orthoclase feldspar are set in a fine-grained matrix. Sample is just over 10 cm long. Quartz-porphyry, in layman's terms, is a type of volcanic rock containing large porphyritic crystals of quartz.
The ratio of alkali feldspar to plagioclase feldspar, together with the proportion of quartz, is the basis for the QAPF classification of igneous rock. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Calcium-rich plagioclase is the first feldspar to crystallize from cooling magma, then the plagioclase becomes increasingly sodium-rich as crystallization continues.