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Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
The process of spermatogenesis as the cells progress from primary spermatocytes, to secondary spermatocytes, to spermatids, to Sperm Cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the testis Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of gametocytogenesis and results in the formation of spermatocytes possessing half the normal complement of genetic material.
Throughout adulthood, androgens and FSH cooperatively act on Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm production. [10] Exogenous androgen supplements can be used as a male contraceptive. Elevated androgen levels caused by use of androgen supplements can inhibit production of LH and block production of endogenous androgens by Leydig cells.
The testicles are two gonads that produce sperm by meiotic division of germ cells within the seminiferous tubules, [1] and synthesize and secrete androgens that regulate the male reproductive functions. The site of production of androgens is the Leydig cells that are located in the interstitium between seminiferous tubules. [1]
The testes grow in response to the start of spermatogenesis. Size depends on lytic function, sperm production (amount of spermatogenesis present in testis), interstitial fluid, and Sertoli cell fluid production. The testicles are fully descended before the male reaches puberty.
Leydig cells release a class of hormones called androgens (19-carbon steroids). [8] They secrete testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), when stimulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH), which is released from the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone which in turn is released by the hypothalamus.
Sperm Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis , during which the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa . At the beginning of the stage, the spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a nucleus , Golgi apparatus , centriole and mitochondria ; by the end of the process, it has radically transformed into an elongated ...
This response mechanism plays a crucial role in male sexual differentiation and puberty, as well as other tissue types and processes, such as the prostate gland (regulate secretory functions), hair follicles (androgens influence hair growth patterns), skin (androgens regulate sebum production and the thickening and maturation of the skin), and ...