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Contact lens-induced hypoxia triggers the cornea to undergo anaerobic respiration, resulting in a buildup of lactic acid that osmotically draws water into corneal cells, causing edema. [6] Two explanations have been proposed for contact lens-induced stromal thinning. It is thought that this edema may inhibit stromal tissue synthesis. [4]
Corneal hydrops is an uncommon complication seen in people with advanced keratoconus or other corneal ectatic disorders, [1] and is characterized by stromal edema due to leakage of aqueous humor through a tear in Descemet's membrane. [2]
Swelling of the macula, the central part of the retina, results in macular oedema and can occur a few days or weeks after surgery. Most such cases can be successfully treated. [ 33 ] Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome is a complication caused by the mechanical irritation of a mis-positioned IOL over the iris, ciliary body or iridocorneal angle.
Hexagonal cells of corneal endothelium visualized by specular microscopy.. The principal physiological function of the corneal endothelium is to allow leakage of solutes and nutrients from the aqueous humor to the more superficial layers of the cornea while at the same time pumping water in the opposite direction, from the stroma to the aqueous.
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is the in-growth of new blood vessels from the pericorneal plexus into avascular corneal tissue as a result of oxygen deprivation. [1] Maintaining avascularity of the corneal stroma is an important aspect of healthy corneal physiology as it is required for corneal transparency and optimal vision.
It is a characterized by a breakdown or damage of the epithelium of the cornea in a pinpoint pattern, which can be seen with examination with a slit-lamp. Patients may present with non-specific symptoms such as red eye, tearing, foreign body sensation, photophobia and burning.
The Chandler variant of ICE is characterized by pathology on the inner surface of the cornea leading to abnormal endothelial pump function. [2] [5] Other features include possible mild iris changes, corneal edema, and normal to slight elevations in intraocular pressure. [1] [5] Cogan-Reese variant is characterized by multiple pigmented iris ...
The incision must extent at least a millimetre into the cornea, and follow the curve of the edge of the cornea. The size of the incision, i.e. the straight line distance between the ends of the external opening, is determined primarily by the expected size of the nucleus, and secondarily by the size of the IOL, and is usually between 5 and 8 mm.