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Most of Eastern Europe's countries have pursued closer ties with the West and greater European integration. Russia is the largest and most populous country in Eastern Europe. Moldova is the smallest and least populated country in Eastern Europe.
A large section of Eastern Europe is formed by countries with dominant Orthodox churches, like Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine, for instance, as well as Armenia, which is predominantly Armenian Apostolic.
In total, the Eastern European area of the world accounts for 10 countries out of the total number of countries in the world, which varies by source from the United Nations' current 193 countries (plus two permanent observers) to the 262 listed in the 2022 CIA World Factbook.
The countries of Eastern Europe cover a large geographic area of the continent. According to the United Nations definition, countries within Eastern Europe are Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, and the western part of the Russian Federation.
The most widely recognized sub-regions of Eastern Europe include: East Central Europe; The Baltics; Southeastern Europe/Balkans; Eastern Europe; The countries within these regions are as follows: Russia; Czech Republic; Poland; Croatia; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania and Moldova; Serbia; Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia; Slovenia; Bulgaria; Ukraine ...
Eastern Europe, as defined by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), includes the countries of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, and Slovakia, as well as the republics of Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.
Most definitions include the countries of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania while less restrictive definitions may also include some or all of the Balkans, the Baltic states, the Caucasus, and the Visegrád group.
Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia.
As a region of Europe, Eastern Europe is composed of 10 independent countries (Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine). See below for the list of East European countries and dependencies by population.
Balkans, easternmost of Europe’s three great southern peninsulas. The Balkans are usually characterized as comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia—with all or part of those countries located within the peninsula.