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The zero range, , is important because corrections due to elevation differences will be expressed in terms of changes to the horizontal zero range. For most rifles, is quite small. For example, the standard 7.62 mm (0.308 in) NATO bullet is fired with a muzzle velocity of 853 m/s (2800 ft/s).
Any errors in range estimation are effectively irrelevant, as a well-aimed shot will hit the torso of the enemy soldier. No height correction is needed at the "battle zero" or less distance, but it can result in a headshot or even a complete miss. The belt buckle is used as battle zero point of aim in Russian and former Soviet military doctrine.
Because when using a telescopic sight, the crosshair lines geometrically resemble the X- and Y-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system where the reticle center is analogous to the origin point (i.e. coordinate [0,0]), the designated sighting-in point is known as a zero, and the act of sighting-in is therefore also called zeroing.
Target shooting range for larger-caliber centerfire rifles are no shorter than 100 metres (109 yd), except in the case of "Zero" ranges used for setting or checking the zero of sights using special "ladder" targets. "Zero". Military ranges are typically at least 500–1,000 metres (547–1,094 yd) to safely accommodate the range of most rifles.
With tangent sights, the rear sight is often used to adjust the elevation, and the front the windage. The M16A2 later M16 series rifles have a dial adjustable range calibrated rear sight, and use an elevation adjustable front sight to "zero" the rifle at a given range. The rear sight is used for windage adjustment and to change the zero range.
Deflection shooting is a technique of shooting ahead of a moving target, also known as leading the target, so that the projectile will "intercept" and collide with the target at a predicted point.
Handguns are typically less accurate; at a shooting distance of 25 yd, a grouping is considered acceptable for self-defense if the shots fall within a circle of 4 to 5 inches, which is 15 to 19 MOA (equivalent to a grouping of 100-150 mm at 25 meters, which is 4-6 mils), [9] representing the shot pattern needed to hit the vital organs of a ...
It is widely accepted within interdisciplinary circles that for a standard rifle firing full-powered cartridges (e.g. .308 Winchester), "long range" means the target is more than 600 m (660 yd) away, [citation needed], while "extreme long range" is generally accepted as when the target distance is more than 1,000 m (1,100 yd) away from the shooter.