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Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (Polish: [brɔˈɲiswaf maliˈnɔfskʲi]; 7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish [a] anthropologist and ethnologist whose writings on ethnography, social theory, and field research have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropology.
"Malinowski has explained that he is the inventor of functionalism, to which he gave its name. His definition of it is clear; it is the theory or doctrine that every feature of culture of any people past or present is to be explained by reference to seven biological needs of individual human beings.
A Scientific Theory of Culture and Other Essays is a 1944 anthropological book by the Polish scholar Bronisław Malinowski. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] It was ...
More widely published contemporaneous works by Malinowski, The Family Among the Australian Aborigines (1913) and Wierzenia pierwotne i formy ustroju spolecznego [Primitive Beliefs and Forms of the Social System] (1915) are not included in this volume. Many of the included works listed above were previously only available in Polish or German ...
In the final analysis, the major credit for discovering the technique of intensive personal fieldwork among a single people must go to Bronislaw Malinowski (1884–1942). His researches among the Trobriand Islanders during the years 1916-18 yielded a series of epochal volumes which revolutionized the content and practice of anthropology.
Other anthropologists made contributions to early modern anthropology, like Bronislaw Malinowski, Margaret Mead, and Ruth Benedict. Malinowski's studies contributed the functional theory or functionalism, [8] which is the idea that no matter the culture or civilization, societal institutions exist to help the individual meet their needs. [9]
The anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski (1884–1942) was strongly influenced by the functionalist school and argued that religion originated from coping with death. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] He saw science as practical knowledge that every society needs abundantly to survive and magic as related to this practical knowledge, but generally dealing with ...