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The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3 , Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures .
The amendment was proposed after the Shelby County v. Holder case overruled parts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and in light of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. [66] Many key aspects of the amendment were incorporated into the proposed For the People Act, which passed the U.S. House of Representatives. [67]
The only amendment to be ratified through this method thus far is the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933. That amendment is also the only one that explicitly repeals an earlier one, the Eighteenth Amendment (ratified in 1919), establishing the prohibition of alcohol. [4] Congress has also enacted statutes governing the constitutional amendment process.
The Seventeenth Amendment may refer to the: Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1964 amendment relating to the acquisition of property by government;
The campaign for a popularly elected Senate is frequently credited with "prodding" the Senate to join the House of Representatives in proposing what became the Seventeenth Amendment to the states in 1912, [6] [full citation needed] [verification needed] while the latter two campaigns came very close to meeting the two-thirds threshold in the ...
As with an amendment proposed by Congress, three-quarters of the states would have to ratify the amendment for it to become part of the Constitution.” ... a repeal of the 17th amendment and a ...
During the Constitutional Convention, Madison authored the Virginia Plan that proposed representation based on population for each state. [3] Equal state suffrage was an idea that Madison fought against "tooth and nail." [4] Yet, in Federalist No. 62 Madison "called the Senate a necessary compromise." [5]
The proposed congressional pay amendment was largely forgotten until 1982, when Gregory Watson, a 19-year-old student at the University of Texas at Austin, wrote a paper for a government class in which he claimed that the amendment could still be ratified. He later launched a nationwide campaign to complete its ratification.