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A tsuzumi drum. The tsudzumi (鼓) or tsuzumi is a hand drum of Japanese origin. [1] It consists of a wooden body shaped like an hourglass, and it is taut, with two drum heads with cords that can be squeezed or released to increase or decrease the tension of the heads respectively.
San-no-tsuzumi (三の鼓) – hourglass-shaped double-headed drum; struck only on one side; Sasara (ささら) – clapper made from wooden slats connected by a rope or cord; Sekkin – a lithophone either bowed or struck; Shime-daiko – small drum played with sticks; Shōko – small bronze gong used in gagaku; struck with two horn beaters
Like the tsuzumi, the ōkawa is also struck with a player's bare hands. As the drum heads are taut very tightly, it often hurts to play the drum, and calluses must be developed on the player's fingers to play comfortably. The calluses must be taken care of, being shaved with a knife from time to time before they get too big.
The lead instrument of the ensemble is the kakko, [86] which is a smaller shime-daiko with heads made of deerskin, and is placed horizontally on a stand during performance. [86] A tsuzumi, called the san-no-tsuzumi is another small drum in gagaku that is placed horizontally and struck with a thin stick. [87]
A distinct and separate group of performers from the chorus, they are purely instrumentalists; the type of instruments featured and the order in which they sit on stage follow established practices. The leftmost performer plays a small taiko , set on a stand before him, with two drumsticks.
The word "shime-daiko" comes from a larger word "tsukeshime-daiko" (付締め太鼓) often shortened to simply, "shime-daiko" or "shime".The prefix "tsukeshime" (付締め) incorporates the verbs tsukeru (付ける, "to fasten; to attach"), and shimeru (締める, "to fasten; to tie"); the compound connotes a tight, secure fastening.
Ron Korb's Asian Flute Gallery (features description and drawing of the Shinobue and other Japanese flutes); Syoji Yamaguchi's web site on Japanese transverse flutes Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine (features articles on making and playing of the Shinobue and other Japanese transverse flutes: yokobue or fue)
Roller-type rastrum which can draw two staff sizes. In recent years, rastra made of five ballpoint pens have been marketed to students and composers. It was common in primary and secondary schools to use rastra that use chalk on a chalk board for music education. They may be called staff liners. An alternative is to use a chalk board with staff ...