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Character assassination (CA) is a deliberate and sustained effort to damage the reputation or credibility of an individual. [1] The phrase "character assassination" became popular around 1930. [ 2 ] This concept, as a subject of scholarly study, was originally introduced by Davis (1950) [ 3 ] in a collection of essays revealing the dangers of ...
Reputational damage is the loss to financial capital, social capital and/or market share resulting from damage to an organization's reputation. This is often measured in lost revenue, increased operating, capital or regulatory costs, or destruction of shareholder value. [1]
Iniuria (from which English "injury" derives) was a broad category for a wrongful act that could be penalized by infamia, including bodily harm and damage against property or reputation, [7] as well as "affronts to decency" and what would now be called sexual harassment. [8]
There is wilful defamation when the offender knows the falsity of his/her allegations and intentionally looks to ruin the reputation of one's victim (see Articles 174-1 and 174–2). [ 198 ] [ 199 ] On the other hand, defamation is punished only with a maximum monetary penalty of 180 daily penalty units (Article 173–1). [ 200 ]
A smear campaign is an intentional, premeditated effort to undermine an individual's or group's reputation, credibility, and character. [4] Like negative campaigning, most often smear campaigns target government officials, politicians, political candidates, and other public figures. [5]
In that report, they defined reputation laundering as "the process of concealing the corrupt actions, past or present, of an individual, government or corporate entity, and presenting their character and behaviour in a positive light." [4] The phrase "reputation laundering" is a play on the older phrase "money laundering".
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English law allows actions for libel to be brought in the High Court for any published statements which are alleged to defame a named or identifiable individual in a manner which causes them loss in their trade or profession, or damages their reputation. Allowable defences are justification, honest opinion (previously known as fair comment ...