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Excess skin is an effect of surplus skin and fat after expansion during pregnancy or adipositas and following a massive and considerable weight loss. Further reasons can be aging effects, genetic disorders or an intentional expansion for skin reconstruction. Due to the elastic nature of the skin, there is generally some improvement over time.
The skin is taut and smooth when the elbow is flexed, but loose and wrinkled when the elbow is straightened. [4] It may lose elasticity and begin to sag with age. [5] The bursa located between the ulna and the wenis reduces friction between the skin and the bone. [6] The region is not typically sensitive to acute pain from pinching.
The loose skin can be either generalised or localised. [4] Biopsies have shown reduction and degeneration of dermal elastic fibres in the affected areas of skin. [5] The loose skin is often most noticeable on the face, resulting in a prematurely aged appearance. The affected areas of skin may be thickened and dark.
The term "goose bumps" derives from the phenomenon's association with goose skin. Goose feathers grow from pores in the epidermis that resemble human hair follicles. When a goose's feathers are plucked, its skin has protrusions where the feathers were, and these bumps are what the human phenomenon resembles. [25]
Eliminating harsh skin regimens or products will be necessary to minimize potential for further purpura or trauma, skin sensitivity, and potential infection. Steroid-induced skin atrophy [ 14 ] [ 15 ] is often permanent, though if caught soon enough and the topical corticosteroid discontinued in time, the degree of damage may be arrested or ...
The diagnosis relies on clinical presentations, physical examination, extensive evaluation of past medical history and family history, and karyotype testing. A 46,XX compatibility is an expected finding of the karyotype test. Laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging are typically insignificant for diagnosis.
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
The dermis is composed of three major types of cells: [3] fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells.. Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin (which provides elasticity), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel-like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan ...