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Henry Crittenden, who was born into slavery in the Choctaw Nation but was later emancipated. [1]The Choctaw Freedmen are former enslaved Africans, Afro-Indigenous, and African Americans who were emancipated and granted citizenship in the Choctaw Nation after the Civil War, according to the tribe's new peace treaty of 1866 with the United States.
Former slaves of the Choctaw Nation were called the Choctaw Freedmen. [93] After considerable debate, the Choctaw Nation granted Choctaw Freedmen citizenship in 1885. [94] In post-war treaties, the US government also acquired land in the western part of the territory and access rights for railroads to be built across Indian Territory.
The former slaves were called "Freedmen," as in Cherokee Freedmen, Chickasaw Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen and Seminole Freedmen. The pro-Union branch of the Cherokee government had freed their slaves in 1863, before the end of the war, but the pro-Confederacy Cherokee held their slaves until forced to emancipate them. [15] [47]
The Nation passed a stricter slave code and required expulsion of free blacks from the territory, as they were considered to foster discontent among slaves. After the American Civil War, planters and the upper class of the Cherokee Nation shifted from plantation agriculture to developing manufacture of small-scale products, which were sold ...
The Choctaw in Native American Territory did not allow anyone with African heritage to hold office even if they were of partial heritage. [51] The Choctaw 1840 constitution also did not allow freed African Americans to settle in the Choctaw nation meaning they were not allowed to own or obtain land, but white men could get permission in writing ...
The Choctaw Nation, in what would be Oklahoma, kept slavery until 1866. After the Civil War, they were required by treaty with the United States to free the slaves within their nation. Former slaves of the Choctaw Nation were called the Choctaw Freedmen. After considerable debate, Choctaw Freedmen were granted Choctaw Nation citizenship in 1885 ...
In 2019, Albert Naquin, chief of the Jean Charles Chief band of Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw, told the LA Times that decisions were being made by the state and not the tribe, as had been intended.
Illustrations of members of the Five Civilized Tribes painted between 1775 and 1850 (clockwise from top right): Sequoyah, Pushmataha, Selocta, Piominko, and Osceola The term Five Civilized Tribes was applied by the United States government in the early federal period of the history of the United States to the five major Native American nations in the Southeast: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw ...