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Black Canadian settlement and immigration patterns can be categorized into two distinct groups. The majority of Black Canadians are descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean and the African continent who arrived in Canada during significant migration waves, beginning in the post-war era of the 1950s and continuing into recent decades.
Around 15,000 to 20,000 African Americans settled in Canada between the years 1850 and 1860. [2] In the 1820s, Canada saw a trickle of fugitive African American slaves from the United States. Eventually, these black fugitives from American slavery crossed into British North America in large numbers, using the secret routes of the Underground ...
The African diaspora in the Americas refers to the people born in the Americas with partial, predominant, or complete sub-Saharan African ancestry. Many are descendants of persons enslaved in Africa and transferred to the Americas by Europeans, then forced to work mostly in European-owned mines and plantations, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The Black Refugees in the War of 1812 also fled to Canada and many American slaves also came via the Underground Railroad, most settling in either Halifax, Nova Scotia or Southern Ontario. At the outbreak of the war of 1812 80,000 of 110,000 inhabitants in Ontario were American born or descendants of Americans.
The first recorded Black person in Canada was Mathieu da Costa. He arrived in Nova Scotia sometime between 1605 and 1608 as a translator for the French explorer Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts. The first known Black person to live in Canada was an enslaved person from Madagascar named Olivier Le Jeune (who may have been of partial Malay ancestry).
African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Latin Americans, Black Canadians – descendants of mostly enslaved West and Central Africans brought to the United States, the Caribbean, Central America and South America during the Atlantic slave trade.
Almost 1,000 Black Canadians served in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865). African Americans were declared free due to the Emancipation Proclamation, and slavery was officially abolished in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
As a result, 1,196 Black settlers in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia left for Sierra Leone, following planning from Thomas Peters. [11] An additional wave of 371 African-American refugees arrived in 1815, following the War of 1812. [10] In the early 1800s, one of Canada's first Black settlements, Elm Hill, was founded by Black loyalists. [12]