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The first trade between finished European goods for Indian furs began in 1641 with French Jesuit priests in Great Lake region. This initial contact lead to the development of the fur trade, specifically beaver pelts, which paved the way for French and later English colonization.
Historian Mark Wyman calls Wisconsin a "palimpsest" of layer upon layer of peoples and forces, each imprinting permanent influences. He identified these layers as multiple "frontiers" over three centuries: Native American frontier, French frontier, English frontier, fur-trade frontier, mining frontier, and the logging frontier.
Native Americans made use of the trade goods received, particularly knives, axes, and guns. The fur trade provided a stable source of income for many Native Americans until the mid-19th century when changing fashion trends in Europe and a decline in the beaver population in North America brought about a collapse in demand for fur. [15]
An illustration of European and Indigenous fur traders in North America, 1777. The North American fur trade is the (typically) historical commercial trade of furs and other goods in North America, predominantly in the eastern provinces of Canada and the northeastern American colonies (soon-to-be northeastern United States).
Vanguards of the Frontier: A Social History of the Northern Plains and Rocky Mountains from the Earliest White Contacts to the Coming of the Homemaker. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1941. online; Dick, Everett. The Dixie frontier: A Social History of the Southern Frontier from the First Transmontane beginnings to the Civil War.
North West Company trade gun. Horseback Bison hunt. European demand for fur transformed the economic relations of the Great Plains First Nations from a subsistence economy to an economy largely influenced by market forces, thereby increasing the occurrence of conflicts and war among the Great Plains First Nations as they struggled to control access to natural resources and trade routes. [7]
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The events in this timeline occurred primarily in the portion of the modern continental United States west of the Mississippi River, and mostly in the period between the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the admission of the last western territories as states in 1912 where most of the frontier was already settled and became urbanized; a few ...