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Philosophy of music is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature and value of music and our experience of it". [1] The philosophical study of music has many connections with philosophical questions in metaphysics and aesthetics .
Mozi, another philosopher of the Warring States era (pre-unification of China), discouraged the use of music and other forms of culture as being wasteful of resources needed to keep the state healthy and prosperous. Xunzi's chapter on music questions this stance, specifically naming Mozi.
Xunzi (lit. ' Master Xun '; c. 310 – c. after 238 BCE), born Xun Kuang, was a Chinese philosopher of Confucianism during the late Warring States period.After his predecessors Confucius and Mencius, Xunzi is often ranked as the third great Confucian philosopher of antiquity.
Confucius heavily promoted the use of music with rituals or the rites order. [51] Unlike other philosophers around the world, Confucius viewed music and music theory beyond a mere art form or curriculum subject, and stated that it was intrinsically intertwined with rites in structuring man.
Aristotle's discussion of Pythagorean philosophy is difficult to interpret, because he had little patience for Pythagorean philosophic arguments, and Pythagoreanism does not fit with his philosophic doctrine. [67] In On the Heavens, Aristotle refuted the Pythagorean doctrine on the harmony of the spheres. [68]
12. “The law is reason, free from passion.” 13. “The aim of the wise is not to secure pleasure, but to avoid pain.” 14. “We can do noble acts without ruling the earth and sea.”
For example, in the Republic (iii.10–11) Plato describes the music a person is exposed to as molding the person's character, which he discusses as particularly relevant for the proper education of the guardians of his ideal State. Aristotle in the Politics (viii:1340a:40–1340b:5): But melodies themselves do contain imitations of character.
Aristoxenus was born at Tarentum (in modern-day Apulia, southern Italy) in Magna Graecia, and was the son of a learned musician named Spintharus (otherwise Mnesias). [2] He learned music from his father, and having then been instructed by Lamprus of Erythrae and Xenophilus the Pythagorean, he finally became a pupil of Aristotle, [3] whom he appears to have rivaled in the variety of his studies.