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Since the eye's pupil varies in diameter with viewing conditions, the ideal exit pupil diameter depends on the application. [1] An astronomical telescope requires a large exit pupil because it is designed to be used for looking at dim objects at night, while a microscope will require a much smaller exit pupil since an object being observed will be brightly illuminated.
For example, a 10 × 42 binocular has a 4.2 mm wide exit cone, and fairly comfortable for general use, whereas doubling the magnification with a zoom feature to 20 × results in a much more critical 2.1 mm exit cone. Optics showing eye relief and exit pupil 1 Real image 2 Field diaphragm 3 Eye relief 4 Exit pupil
The exit pupil is located at infinity, and chief rays after the objective are parallel to the optical axis. An image-space telecentric lens has the exit pupil (the image of the aperture stop formed by optics after it) at infinity and produces images of the same size regardless of the distance between the lens and the film or image sensor. This ...
An exit pupil must match or be smaller in diameter than one's pupil to receive the full amount of projected light; a larger exit pupil results in the wasted light. The exit pupil e {\displaystyle e} can be derived with from division of the telescope aperture D {\displaystyle D} and the minimum magnification m {\displaystyle m} , derived by: e ...
For example, if a lens's focal length were 100 mm and its entrance pupil's diameter were 50 mm, the f-number would be 2. This would be expressed as " f /2 " in a lens system. The aperture diameter would be equal to f/2. Camera lenses often include an adjustable diaphragm, which changes the size of the aperture stop and thus the entrance pupil ...
The pupil magnification of an optical system is the ratio of the diameter of the exit pupil to the diameter of the entrance pupil.The pupil magnification is used in calculations of the effective f-number, which affects a number of important elements related to optics, such as exposure, diffraction, and depth of field.
The small exit pupil of a 25×30 telescope and large exit pupils of 9×63 binoculars, the latter suitable for use in low light. Binoculars concentrate the light gathered by the objective into a beam, of which the diameter, the exit pupil, is the objective diameter divided by the magnifying
The fixed-IPD design strategy assumes that the exit pupil will be large enough to capture the IPD range of a targeted population. An adjustable IPD design assumes that the lateral adjustment range in conjunction with the exit pupil size is required to capture the targeted population.