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The key to a functional island fixture vent is that the top elbow must be at least as high as the "flood level" (the peak possible drain water level in the sink), allowing it to serve as a de facto vacuum breaker preventing the loop from becoming a siphon for an overfilled sink, as from a clogged drain (rather than vent) line.
It is usually constructed of brass and resembles a 90-degree elbow with a hood on its top to allow air to enter the water system if a siphon attempts to form. Inside this elbow is a poppet valve that is held "up" by the water pressure found in the system, closing the air entrance to the device.
A vacuum breaker is a device that prevents water from being siphoned backward in a direction it is not desired to go. They are commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve , in which application they can prevent hose or drainage water from back-siphoning into the public drinking water system.
Vacuum caused by condensation from thermal shock can also cause a steam hammer. Steam hammer or steam condensation induced water hammer (CIWH) was exhaustively investigated both experimentally and theoretically more than a decade ago because it can have radical negative effects in nuclear power plants. [23]
This "air gap" is visible above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted near the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air gap, and the "bottom" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit. When installed and maintained ...
Schematic of a vacuum sewer system A vacuum toilet at Lau Fau Shan Roundabout in Hong Kong A portable vacuum sewer system on the underside of a train carriage, serving the vacuum toilet and sink inside the train. A vacuum sewer or pneumatic sewer system is a method of transporting sewage from its source to a sewage treatment plant.