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The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also the Sioux Treaty of 1868 [b]) is an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota, and Arapaho Nation, following the failure of the first Fort Laramie treaty, signed in 1851. The treaty is divided into 17 articles.
The Great Sioux Reservation was an Indian reservation created by the United States through treaty with the Sioux, principally the Lakota, who dominated the territory before its establishment. [1] In the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 , the reservation included lands west of the Missouri River in South Dakota and Nebraska , including all of present ...
The Lands of the 1851 Ft. Laramie Treaty [14] The Crow Indian territory (area 517, 619 and 635) as described in Fort Laramie Treaty (1851), now in Montana and Wyoming, included the western Powder River area and the Yellowstone area with tributaries like the Tongue River, the Rosebud River, and the Bighorn River.
The Fort Laramie Treaty ended Red Cloud's War, a series of military engagements in which the Sioux tribes, led by chief Red Cloud, fought to protect the integrity of earlier-recognized treaty lands from the incursion of white settlers. [4] The 1868 treaty brought peace for a few years, but in 1874 an exploratory expedition under General George ...
[7] The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, signed with the US by Lakota and Northern Cheyenne leaders following Red Cloud's War, set aside a portion of the Lakota territory as the Great Sioux Reservation. This comprised the western one-half of South Dakota, including the Black Hills region for their exclusive use. [8]
Charmaine White Face (Oglala Lakota), spokesperson for the Teton Sioux Nation Treaty Council and coordinator of the Defenders of the Black Hills, which works toward the Fort Laramie Treaties of 1851 and 1868 being enforced. She works in language preservation, land reclamation, and international indigenous human rights.
Remembering the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, she and her cousin, Richard McKenzie, located a copy of the treaty and proposed that if the property was surplus land of the government, Sioux could claim it. [2] [3] She planned and organized an occupation and a court action to obtain title to the island.
The United States put emphasis on a right to "establish roads, military and other posts" as described in Article 2 in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. All parties in the conflict had signed that treaty. The Crow Natives held the treaty right to the contested area and had called it their homeland for decades. [3] They sided with the whites.