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One of the first parent/child play therapy approaches developed was Filial Therapy (in the 1960s - see History section above), in which parents are trained to facilitate nondirective play therapy sessions with their own children. Filial therapy has been shown to help children work through trauma and also resolve behavior problems. [106]
The American psychiatrists Sally J. Rogers and Geraldine Dawson began developing the Early Start Denver Model during the 1980s. [1] While working at the University of Colorado, in Denver, Rogers provided what was first called the "play school model" of intervention which was applied to children in preschool during their regular play activities. [2]
Once the child connects with the adult, specific techniques are used to challenge and entice the child to move up the developmental ladder. The DIR/Floortime Model calls for 15 hours/week of parent and clinician-conducted intervention, with the parent implementing the method in 20- to 30- minute sessions for 8–12 times per day.
The University of North Carolina TEACCH Autism Program creates and disseminates community-based services, training programs, and research for individuals of all ages and skill levels with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to enhance the quality of life for them and their families across the lifespan. [1]
AdPT is a therapy that integrates both directive and non-directive play techniques as a way to help children rehearse changes in the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors during play by using language and/or metaphors that can reduce disruptive behaviors seen in DMDD in the classroom. [21]
Today, medications are primarily prescribed to adults with autism to avoid any adverse effects in the developing brains of children. Therapy treatments, like behavioural or immersive therapies, are gaining popularity in the treatment plans of autistic children. Depending on symptomology, one or multiple psychotropic medications may be prescribed.
Symbolic play with specific props or themes is based on exposure therapy techniques and can help children overcome traumatic experiences. [3] Contingency play is an important activity in helping traumatized children feel empowered, [4] and the therapeutic value of separation games such as peek-a-boo has been recognized for decades. [5]
Children with ODD usually begin showing symptoms around age 6 to 8, although the disorder can emerge in younger children too. Symptoms can last throughout teenage years. [12] The pooled prevalence is 3.6% up to age 18. [13] Oppositional defiant disorder has a prevalence of 1–11%. [2] The average prevalence is approximately 3%. [2]