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Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava ("SVC"), a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum , most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , directly compressing or invading ...
The appearance is an indirect reflection of the collateralized flow of SVC syndrome, in which occlusion of the superior vena cava leads to preferential flow to the quadrate. [ 1 ] The sign is similar in mechanism but distinct in significance from the hot caudate sign , in which the caudate lobe of the liver shows preferential enhancement or ...
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm .
The left superior vena cava is not shown in this image. In anatomy , a persistent left superior vena cava is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is present in between 0.3% and 0.5% of the population, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and is an embryologic remnant that results from a failure to involute .
When seen in a scan, the GSV and the Giacomini vein, together with the accessory saphenous vein (ASV), form an image resembling an eye which is referred to as the "eye sign" or "eye image". [ 33 ] All veins which are between the skin and the superficial fascia are tributaries, and all veins which cross the deep fascia to join the deep venous ...
It is generally a benign, self-limiting disorder; however, it can be complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and even pulmonary embolism (PE) [4] Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis is known as Trousseau's syndrome, which can be an early sign of cancer. [5]
This makes CT scan the most appropriate term, which is used by radiologists in common vernacular as well as in textbooks and scientific papers. [218] [219] [220] In Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), computed axial tomography was used from 1977 to 1979, but the current indexing explicitly includes X-ray in the title. [221]
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI, CMR), also known as cardiovascular MRI, is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology used for non-invasive assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system. [2]