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Gastric acid or stomach acid is the acidic component – hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach lining. In humans, the pH is between one and three, much lower than most other animals, but is very similar to that of carrion eating carnivores , needing protection from ingesting pathogens .
Mucosal disruption in acid peptic disease patients can be caused by infection, barrier disruption, or gastric acid hypersecretion.Acid peptic diseases can arise due to various risk factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, alcoholism, tobacco use, cocaine and amphetamine use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (NSAIDs), fasting, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, angiogenesis inhibitor ...
Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [2] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus .
The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).
The stomach is a muscular, ... In a different and rare manner, secretin, which has the most effects on the pancreas, also diminishes acid secretion in the stomach.
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach. [1]