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On Linux, the CPU affinity of a process can be altered with the taskset(1) program [3] and the sched_setaffinity(2) system call. The affinity of a thread can be altered with one of the library functions: pthread_setaffinity_np(3) or pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(3). On SGI systems, dplace binds a process to a set of CPUs. [4]
A task (i.e., a synonym for thread) is the minimal entity that Linux can schedule. However, it can also manage groups of threads, whole multi-threaded processes, and even all the processes of a given user. This design leads to the concept of schedulable entities, where tasks are grouped and managed by the scheduler as a whole.
In computer science, The System Contention Scope [1] is one of two thread-scheduling schemes used in operating systems.This scheme is used by the kernel to decide which kernel-level thread to schedule onto a CPU, wherein all threads (as opposed to only user-level threads, as in the Process Contention Scope scheme) in the system compete for the CPU. [2]
A high-level overview of the Linux kernel's system call interface, which handles communication between its various components and the userspace. In computing, a system call (commonly abbreviated to syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system [a] on which it is executed.
The parent may, for example, wait for the child to terminate with the waitpid() function, or terminate the process with kill(). There are two tasks with specially distinguished process IDs: PID 0 is used for swapper or sched , which is part of the kernel and is a process that runs on a CPU core whenever that CPU core has nothing else to do. [ 1 ]
Threads created by the library (via pthread_create) correspond one-to-one with schedulable entities in the kernel (processes, in the Linux case). [4]: 226 This is the simplest of the three threading models (1:1, N:1, and M:N). [4]: 215–216 New threads are created with the clone() system call called through the
An affinity mask is a bit mask indicating what processor(s) a thread or process should be run on by the scheduler of an operating system. [1] Setting the affinity mask for certain processes running under Windows can be useful as there are several system processes (especially on domain controllers) that are restricted to the first CPU / Core.
Context switching itself has a cost in performance, due to running the task scheduler, TLB flushes, and indirectly due to sharing the CPU cache between multiple tasks. [7] Switching between threads of a single process can be faster than between two separate processes because threads share the same virtual memory maps, so a TLB flush is not ...