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Calamine, also known as calamine lotion, is a medication made from powdered calamine mineral that is used to treat mild itchiness. [2] [3] Conditions treated include sunburn, insect bites, poison ivy, poison oak, and other mild skin conditions. [4] [5] It may also help dry out secretions resulting from skin irritation. [1]
Pain can also be present. Dermatitis can occur anywhere on the skin, but is most common on the hands (22% of people), scattered across the body (18%), or on the face (17%). [5] The rash and other symptoms typically occur 24 to 48 hours after the exposure; in some cases, the rash may persist for weeks. [2]
The immune system extends this response to its treatments of self-antigens, softening reactions against allergens, the body, [9] and digestive microorganisms. [15] As the worms developed ways of triggering a beneficial immune response, humans came to rely on parasitic interaction to help regulate their immune systems.
Affected proteins interfere with immune system ability to recognize these cells as normal parts of the body, causing a T-cell-mediated immune response. [12] This response is directed at the complex of urushiol derivatives (namely, pentadecacatechol) bound in the skin proteins, attacking the cells as if they were foreign bodies.
Depending on how calomel was administered, it affected the body in different ways. Taken orally, calomel damaged mainly the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Mercury salts (such as calomel) are insoluble in water and therefore do not absorb well through the wall of the small intestine.
Urushiol / ʊ ˈ r uː ʃ i. ɒ l / is an oily mixture of organic compounds with allergenic properties found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, especially Toxicodendron spp. (e.g., poison oak, Chinese lacquer tree, poison ivy, poison sumac), Comocladia spp. (maidenplums), Metopium spp.
Miliaria rubra in a forehead. Symptoms of miliaria include small, red rashes, called papules, which are irritated and itchy.These may simultaneously occur at a number of areas on a patient's body, the most common including the upper chest, neck, elbow creases, under the breasts, and under the scrotum. [3]
Calamine is a historic name for an ore of zinc. The name calamine was derived from lapis calaminaris , a Latin correption of Greek cadmia (καδμία) , the old name for zinc ores in general. The name of the Belgian town of Kelmis , La Calamine in French , which was home to a zinc mine, comes from this.