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  2. Wide and narrow data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_and_narrow_data

    Many statistical and data processing systems have functions to convert between these two presentations, for instance the R programming language has several packages such as the tidyr package. The pandas package in Python implements this operation as "melt" function which converts a wide table to a narrow one. The process of converting a narrow ...

  3. Connected-component labeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected-component_labeling

    Iterate through each element of the data by column, then by row; If the element is not the background Relabel the element with the lowest equivalent label; Here, the background is a classification, specific to the data, used to distinguish salient elements from the foreground. If the background variable is omitted, then the two-pass algorithm ...

  4. Table (database) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(database)

    In a database, a table is a collection of related data organized in table format; consisting of columns and rows.. In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect. [1]

  5. Pivot table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivot_table

    A pivot table usually consists of row, column and data (or fact) fields. In this case, the column is ship date, the row is region and the data we would like to see is (sum of) units. These fields allow several kinds of aggregations, including: sum, average, standard deviation, count, etc.

  6. dplyr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dplyr

    arrange(), which is used to sort rows in a dataframe based on attributes held by particular columns; mutate(), which is used to create new variables, by altering and/or combining values from existing columns; and; summarize(), also spelled summarise(), which is used to collapse values from a dataframe into a single summary.

  7. Gadfly (database) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadfly_(database)

    The most basic data structures of the implementation are given in either kjbuckets0.py or the faster kjbucketsmodule.c, which implement the same data type signatures in Python and in a C extension to Python respectively. The database.py module is a simple wrapper that provides a standard DBAPI interface to the system.

  8. Count data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_data

    The statistical treatment of count data is distinct from that of binary data, in which the observations can take only two values, usually represented by 0 and 1, and from ordinal data, which may also consist of integers but where the individual values fall on an arbitrary scale and only the relative ranking is important. [example needed]

  9. Comma-separated values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values

    Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record. Each record consists of the same number of fields, and these are separated by commas in the ...