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African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. [ 3 ] Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness , is caused by the species Trypanosoma brucei . [ 3 ]
Acoziborole (SCYX-7158) is an antiprotozoal drug invented by Anacor Pharmaceuticals in 2009, [1] and now under development by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). It is a structurally novel drug described as a benzoxaborole derivative, and is a one-day, one-dose oral ...
The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly. Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage. Diagnosis should be made as early as possible and before the advanced stage to avoid complicated, difficult and risky treatment procedures.
Melarsoprol is an arsenic-containing medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). [1] It is specifically used for second-stage disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense when the central nervous system is involved. [1] For Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, eflornithine or fexinidazole is usually preferred. [1]
Suramin is used for treatment of human sleeping sickness caused by trypanosomes. [1] Specifically, it is used for treatment of first-stage African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense without involvement of central nervous system.
It is responsible for 98% of all human African trypanosomiasis, [48] and is roughly 100% fatal. [49] T. brucei rhodesiense which causes fast onset acute trypanosomiasis in humans. A highly zoonotic parasite, it is prevalent in southern and eastern Africa, where game animals and livestock are thought to be the primary reservoir.
Eflornithine, sold under the brand name Vaniqa among others, is a medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and excessive hair growth on the face in women. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Specifically it is used for the second stage of sleeping sickness caused by T. b. gambiense and may be used with nifurtimox .
Fexinidazole is a medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. [3] It is effective against both first and second stage disease. [3] Also a potential new treatment for Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide. [4] It is taken by mouth. [5]