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The calling convention of a given program's language may differ from the calling convention of the underlying platform, OS, or of some library being linked to. For example, on 32-bit Windows, operating system calls have the stdcall calling convention, whereas many C programs that run there use the cdecl calling convention. To accommodate these ...
This calling convention is also used by Embarcadero's C++Builder, where it is called __fastcall. [16] In this compiler, Microsoft's fastcall can be used as __msfastcall. [17] GCC and Clang can be made to use a similar calling convention by using __stdcall with the regparm function attribute or the -mregparm=3 switch. (The stack order is inverted.)
A common aspect of an ABI is the calling convention, which determines how data is provided as input to, or read as output from, computational routines. Examples of this are the x86 calling conventions. Adhering to an ABI (which may or may not be officially standardized) is usually the job of a compiler, operating system, or library author ...
Dynamic programming languages, such as Python, Perl, Tcl, and Ruby, all provide easy access to native code written in C, C++, or any other language obeying C/C++ calling conventions. Factor has FFIs for C, Fortran , Objective-C , and Windows COM ; all of these enable importing and calling arbitrary shared libraries dynamically.
One of the most important difference between C and Pascal is the way they handle the parameters on stack during a subroutine call : This is called the calling convention : PASCAL-style parameters are pushed on the stack in left-to-right order. The STDCALL calling convention of C pushes the parameters on the stack in right-to-left order.
Under certain calling conventions it is the callee's responsibility to clean the arguments off the stack, so the epilogue can also include the step of moving the stack pointer down or up. For example, these three steps may be accomplished in 32-bit x86 assembly language by the following instructions:
DJ Cassidy provided the soundtrack as the ceremonial roll call of the states was held at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on Tuesday. (Myung J. Chun / Los Angeles Times)
The __thiscall calling convention passes a pointer to the calling class instance (commonly referred to as a "this" pointer) via the ECX register (on the x86 architecture). Therefore, in order for a hook function to properly intercept the "this" pointer that is passed and take it as an argument, it must look into the ECX register.