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The cast aluminium alloy cylinder head contains two valves per cylinder each with two concentric valve springs, and shim-adjustable bucket tappets. The valves are opened via a timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC), and the combustion chamber compression ratio is 23.0:1.
Common test methods for head gasket leaks are a compression test (using a pressure gauge), a leak-down test or a chemical test that identifies hydrocarbons in the coolant fluid. [ 5 ] The cost of the replacement component (i.e. the head gasket itself) is usually relatively low, however there are significant labor costs involved in the ...
The "Outer Shim Type System" allows for the replacement of the shims without the need to remove the camshaft. To adjust the valve clearance, adjust the shims above the valve lifters. The first compression ring and the oil ring are made of steel, the second compression ring is made of cast iron. Compression rings 1 and 2 prevent exhaust leakage ...
The tappet clearance adjustment is typically set using a small shim, located either above or below the tappet. Shims were made in a range of standard thicknesses and a mechanic would swap them to change the tappet gap. In early DOHC engines, the engine would first be assembled with a default shim of known thickness, then the gap measured.
The EJ251 commonly experienced head gasket failures in the form of interior channel breaches or exterior fluid leaks due to the use of a single layer coated gasket, vs the Multi-Layer Steel (MLS) gasket used in later models. Intake air mass is calculated by the use of a MAP sensor and Intake Air Temp Sensor, unlike the EJ253 which uses a MAF ...
Hydraulic lifters were nearly universal on cars designed in the 1980s, but some newer cars have reverted to bucket-and-shim mechanical lifters. Although these do not run as quietly and are not maintenance-free, they are cheaper. [citation needed] Nearly all modern non-hydraulic lifter arrangements are on overhead cam engines. [citation needed]