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Refractory bricks in a torpedo car used for hauling molten iron. In materials science, a refractory (or refractory material) is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack and that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. [1]
Pages in category "Refractory materials" The following 55 pages are in this category, out of 55 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Periclase is a magnesium mineral that occurs naturally in contact metamorphic rocks and is a major component of most basic refractory bricks. It is a cubic form of magnesium oxide (Mg O). In nature it usually forms a solid solution with wüstite (FeO) and is then referred to as ferropericlase or magnesiowüstite. [6]
Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science , metallurgy and engineering . The definition of which elements belong to this group differs.
In the making of firebrick, fire clay is fired in the kiln until it is partly vitrified.For special purposes, the brick may also be glazed. There are two standard sizes of fire brick: 229 mm × 114 mm × 76 mm (9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 3 in) and 229 mm × 114 mm × 64 mm (9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in). [2]
The refractory lining of the converter plays a role in the conversion — clay linings may be used when little phosphorus is present in the raw material. Bessemer himself used ganister sandstone–in the acid Bessemer process. Given high phosphorus content, dolomite or magnesite linings are used in the basic Bessemer limestone process.
The major source of carbon-magnesite brick is now China. Almost all of the above refractories are used to make steel and account for 75% of refractory consumption; the rest is used by a variety of industries, such as cement. According to the USGS, US natural graphite consumption in refractories comprised 12,500 tonnes in 2010. [52]
Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a type of refractory ceramics that can withstand extremely high temperatures without degrading, often above 2,000 °C. [1] They also often have high thermal conductivities and are highly resistant to thermal shock, meaning they can withstand sudden and extreme changes in temperature without cracking or breaking.