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The Crusades of 1239–1241, also known as the Barons' Crusade, were a series of crusades to the Holy Land that, in territorial terms, were the most successful since the First Crusade. [151] The major expeditions were led separately by Theobald I of Navarre and Richard of Cornwall. [152]
Other crusader leaders included patriarch Henry of Asti, The crusade was a naval success and Smyrna was taken. Zeno was killed by Umur Bey's forces in an ambush while he and other crusaderswere attempting to celebrate mass in the no-man's-land between the battle lines. [134] [135] [136]
The Barons' Crusade (1239–1241), also called the Crusade of 1239, was a crusade to the Holy Land that, in territorial terms, was the most successful crusade since the First Crusade. Called by Pope Gregory IX , the Barons' Crusade broadly embodied the highest point of papal endeavor "to make crusading a universal Christian undertaking."
The Siege of Jerusalem marked the successful end of the First Crusade, whose objective was the recovery of the city of Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from Islamic control. The five-week siege began on 7 June 1099 and was carried out by the Christian forces of Western Europe mobilized by Pope Urban II after the Council of ...
Urban II dies, never knowing that his crusade was successful. [100] 1 August. Arnulf of Chocques is elected as the first Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. [151] 12 August. The First Crusade ends with the successful Battle of Ascalon, defeating the Fatimids under Al-Afdal Shahanshah. [s] [153] 13 August. Paschal II is elected pope. [154] 15 October 15.
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
The pope responded by calling for a new crusade and Western Europe responded. [2] 1187. 20 September – 2 October. Saladin's conquest over the Franks is nearly complete with his successful Siege of Jerusalem. [3] 20 October. Urban III dies and is succeeded by Gregory VIII on 25 October. [a] [5] 29 October.
The success of the First Crusade that began the Crusading movement and the century was seen as astonishing. The explanation for this was given that it was only possible through the will of God. [72] Paschal succeeded Urban as pope before news of the outcome reached Europe.