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The terms were first used during the First Great Awakening (1730s–40s), which expanded through the British North American colonies in the middle of the 18th century. [1] In A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), Jonathan Edwards , a leader in the Awakening, describes his congregants' vivid experiences with grace as causing ...
The Second Great Awakening (sometimes known simply as "the Great Awakening") was a religious revival that occurred in the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century. While it occurred in all parts of the United States, it was especially strong in the Northeast and the Midwest. [15]
Both the moderate Enlightenment and a radical or revolutionary Enlightenment were reactions against the authoritarianism, irrationality, and obscurantism of the established churches. Philosophers such as Voltaire depicted organized religion as hostile to the development of reason and the progress of science and incapable of verification.
The First Great Awakening, sometimes Great Awakening or the Evangelical Revival, was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its thirteen North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affected Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion.
Spurred on by the Second Great Awakening, Americans entered a period of rapid social change and experimentation. New social movements arose, as well as many new alternatives to traditional religious thought. This period of American history was marked by the destruction of some traditional roles of society and the erection of new social standards.
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 7, Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660-1815 (2007) Chadwick, Owen. The Popes and European Revolution (Oxford UP, 1981) Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity (1999) 608pp; Hope, Nicholas. German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700-1918 (1999) Latourette, Kenneth Scott.
The Old Side–New Side controversy occurred within the Presbyterian Church in Colonial America and was part of the wider theological controversy surrounding the First Great Awakening. The Old and New Side Presbyterians existed as separate churches from 1741 until 1758.
Adams, James Truslow, ed. Dictionary of American History (5 Vols. 1940) Kutler, Stanley I. ed. Dictionary of American History (3rd Edition 10 Volumes, 2003) Martin, Michael. Dictionary of American History (Littlefield, Adams 1989) Morris. Richard, ed. Encyclopedia of American History (7th ed. 1996) Purvis, Thomas L.