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Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Indigo is a natural dye obtained from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were once common throughout the world. It is now produced via chemical routes. Blue colorants are rare.
Common names include Chinese indigo, Japanese indigo and dyer's knotweed. [2] [3] [4] It is native to Eastern Europe and Asia. The leaves are a source of indigo dye. It was already in use in the Western Zhou period (c. 1045 BC – 771 BC), and was the most important blue dye in East Asia until the arrival of Indigofera from the south.
The development of aizuri-e was associated with the import of the pigment Prussian blue from Europe in the 1820s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This pigment had a number of advantages over the indigo or dayflower petal dyes that were previously used to create blue.
The first archaeological finds of woad seeds date to the Neolithic period. The seeds have been found in the cave of l'Audoste, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.Impressions of seeds of Färberwaid (Isatis tinctoria L.) or German indigo, of the plant family Brassicaceae, have been found on pottery in the Iron Age settlement of Heuneburg, Germany.
Curtain in hemp and cotton with tsutsugaki dip-dyed in indigo and brushed sumi ink.Meiji period, Honolulu Museum of Art. Tsutsugaki (筒描) is a Japanese technique of resist dyeing that involves drawing rice-paste designs on cloth, dyeing the cloth, and then washing off the paste.
The work on indigo led to the development of a new class of dyes called vat dyes in 1901 that produced a wide range of fast colors for cellulosic fibers such as cotton. [69] Disperse dyes were introduced in 1923 to color the new textiles of cellulose acetate, which could not be colored with any existing dyes. Today disperse dyes are the only ...
Although sometimes considered a dye, indigo is a pigment (insoluble in water). Unlike many traditional mineral-based blues, indigo is an organic compound. It was once obtained by laborious extraction from various plants. Subsequent to the discovery of synthetic dyes, such as mauvine, a chemical route was discovered to this material. In 2022 ...
Indanthrone blue was the first example of the brand "Indanthren" (an acronym for Indigo from anthracene) introduced by BASF in 1901. [9] [10] [11] One result is that even now, in Japan vat dyes are commonly described as thren(e) dyes (スレン染料), derived from the Japanese transliteration of the brand.