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  2. Nonvolatile BIOS memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonvolatile_BIOS_memory

    It is referred to as non-volatile memory or NVRAM because, after the system loses power, it does retain state by virtue of the CMOS battery. When the battery fails, BIOS settings are reset to their defaults. The battery can also be used to power a real time clock (RTC) and the RTC, NVRAM and battery may be integrated into a single component.

  3. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

    Using a logic analyzer or a dedicated POST card‍—‌an interface card that shows port 0x80 output on a small display‍—‌a technician could determine the origin of the problem. Once an operating system is running on the computer the code displayed by such a board may become meaningless, since some OSes, e.g. Linux , use port 0x80 for I ...

  4. Non-volatile memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_memory

    Due to this crystal structure and how it is influenced, F-RAM offers distinct properties from other nonvolatile memory options, including extremely high, although not infinite, endurance (exceeding 10 16 read/write cycles for 3.3 V devices), ultra-low power consumption (since F-RAM does not require a charge pump like other non-volatile memories ...

  5. Depletion-load NMOS logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depletion-load_NMOS_logic

    Both (enhancement-mode) saturated-load and depletion-mode pull-up transistors use greatest power when the output is stable at 0, so this loss is considerable. Because the strength of a depletion-mode transistor falls off less on the approach to 1 , they may reach 1 faster despite starting slower, i.e. conducting less current at the beginning of ...

  6. Logic family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_family

    The first CMOS family of logic integrated circuits was introduced by RCA as CD4000 COS/MOS, the 4000 series, in 1968. Initially CMOS logic was slower than LS-TTL. However, because the logic thresholds of CMOS were proportional to the power supply voltage, CMOS devices were well-adapted to battery-operated systems with simple power supplies.

  7. Current-mode logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current-mode_logic

    Current mode logic (CML), or source-coupled logic (SCL), is a digital design style used both for logic gates and for board-level digital signaling of digital data.. The basic principle of CML is that current from a constant current generator is steered between two alternate paths depending on whether a logic zero or logic one is being represented.

  8. Latch-up - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latch-up

    Latch-up is the low resistance connection between tub [clarification needed] and power supply rails. Also to avoid the latch, a separate tap connection is put for each transistor. But this will increase the size of the device so fabs give a minimum space to put a tap, for example, 10 μm in 130 nm technology. [clarification needed]

  9. Screen of death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_of_death

    The Screen of Death in Windows 10, which includes a sad emoticon and a QR code for quick troubleshooting A Linux kernel panic, forced by an attempt to kill init The Mac OS X kernel panic alert. This screen was introduced in Mac OS X 10.2, while the kernel panic itself was around since the Mac OS X Public Beta.