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An initial "ch" (which only appears in loaned and dialectical words) may be pronounced [k] (common in southern varieties), [ʃ] (common in western varieties) or [ç] (common in northern and western varieties). It is always pronounced [k] when followed by l or r, as in Chlor (chlorine) or Christus (Christ).
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; Final of i, u, ü group is a modified combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)
Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese. Finals are grouped into subsets ㄚ, ㄧ, ㄨ and ㄩ. The ㄧ, ㄨ and ㄩ groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group ㄚ.
Initials are initial consonants, whereas finals are all possible combinations of medials (semivowels coming before the vowel), a nucleus vowel, and coda (final vowel or consonant). Diacritics are used to indicate the four tones found in Standard Chinese, though these are often omitted in various contexts, such as when spelling Chinese names in ...
c/ch/č/q , before — ᠵ᠊ ᠊ᠵ᠊ — j/zh/ž , before — ᠶ᠊ ᠊ᠶ᠋᠊ — y — ᡵ᠊ ᠊ᡵ᠊ ᠊ᡵ: r : Initial and final forms exist mostly in foreign words. — ᡶ ᡶ — f : First initial and medial forms are used before a, e; second initial and medial forms are used before i, o, u, ū. ᡶ᠋ ᡶ᠋ —
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)
Korean consonants have three principal positional allophones: initial, medial (voiced), and final (checked). The initial form is found at the beginning of phonological words. The medial form is found in voiced environments, intervocalically (immediately between vowels), and after a voiced consonant such as n or l.
Initial sonorants (l-/m-/n-/r-): insert -h-as second letter. rheng, mha (rēng, mā) Otherwise use the basic form. Tone 2 (rising): i/u → y/w; or add -r. Initial sonorants: use basic form. r eng, m a (réng, má) NiV or NVi → NyV or NVy ( + -i if final). ch y ng, ch y an, y ng, y an, p y i (qíng, qián, yíng, yán, pí) NuV or NVu → NwV ...