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The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas , [ 1 ] as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas .
Global renewable energy investment growth (1995-2007) [1] In 2020, the global renewable energy market was valued at $881.7 billion [ 2 ] and consumption grew 2.9 EJ. [ 3 ] China was the largest contributor to renewable growth, accounting an increment of 1.0 EJ in consumption, followed by the US, Japan, the United Kingdom, India, and Germany.
Renewable energy often displaces conventional fuels in four areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. [22] Although almost all forms of renewable energy cause much fewer carbon emissions than fossil fuels, the term is not synonymous with low-carbon energy.
Solar panels and wind turbines in Germany Placard for renewable energy, at the People's Climate March (2017) This is a list of renewable energy topics by country and territory. These links can be used to compare developments in renewable energy in different countries and territories and to help and encourage new writers to participate in ...
This is a list of countries and dependencies by electricity generation from renewable sources each year.. Renewables accounted for 28% of electric generation in 2021, consisting of hydro (55%), wind (23%), biomass (13%), solar (7%) and geothermal (1%).
Upstream regards exploration and extraction of crude oil, midstream encompasses transportation and storage of crude, and downstream concerns refining crude oil into various end products. Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical ...
Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services. [2] Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our global energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013 ...
In 2021, global installed hydropower electrical capacity reached almost 1400 GW, the highest among all renewable energy technologies. [ 18 ] Hydroelectricity generation starts with converting either the potential energy of water that is present due to the site's elevation or the kinetic energy of moving water into electrical energy.