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Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as the meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically a diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs.
Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome can be caused by a number of different organisms (see below). When caused by Neisseria meningitidis, WFS is considered the most severe form of meningococcal sepsis. The onset of the illness is nonspecific with fever, rigors, vomiting, and headache.
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). [1] It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccine-preventable. [2] While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, which is an even more damaging
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus (singular) or gonococci (plural), is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria first isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879. [3] An obligate human pathogen, it primarily colonizes the mucosal lining of the urogenital tract; however, it is also capable of adhering to the mucosa of the nose, [ 4 ...
Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens , N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae . Neisseria species are Gram-negative bacteria included among the Pseudomonadota , a large group of Gram-negative forms.
Although meningitis is a notifiable disease in many countries, the exact incidence rate is unknown. [22] In 2013 meningitis resulted in 303,000 deaths – down from 464,000 deaths in 1990. [86] In 2010 it was estimated that meningitis resulted in 420,000 deaths, [87] excluding cryptococcal meningitis. [42]
Meningococcal vaccine refers to any vaccine used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. [9] Different versions are effective against some or all of the following types of meningococcus: A, B, C, W-135, and Y. [9] [10] The vaccines are between 85 and 100% effective for at least two years. [9]
Gonococcemia (also known as "Disseminated gonococcal infection" [1]) is a rare complication of mucosal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, or Gonorrhea, that occurs when the bacteria invade the bloodstream. [2] It is characterized by fever, tender hemorrhagic pustules on the extremities or the trunk, migratory polyarthritis, and tenosynovitis. [3]