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Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4). ... In addition to deiodination, thyroid hormones are also ...
As a measure of deiodination, the production of radioactive iodine and other physiological metabolites, in particular T 3 or reverse T 3, are determined and expressed (e.g. as fmol/mg protein/minute). [24] [25] In vivo, deiodination activity is estimated from equilibrium levels of free T 3 and free T 4.
In starvation or severe somatic stress, deiodinase type 1 is inhibited which lowers circulating levels of T 3 (due to it being the main source of peripherally converted T 3 from T 4 in the plasma), causing a decrease in the metabolic rate. [3]
Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]
Thyroxine, also known as T 4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3). [1]
Deiodination capacity proved to be an independent predictor of substitution dose in several trials that included persons on replacement therapy with levothyroxine. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] Probably as a consequence of non-thyroidal illness syndrome , SPINA-GD predicts mortality in trauma [ 22 ] and postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing ...
Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional.
Thyrotoxicosis: Over-supply with thyroid hormones, e.g. by overdosed exogenously levothyroxine supplementation. Low-T3 syndrome and high-T3 syndrome: Consequences of step-up hypodeiodination, e.g. in critical illness as an example for type 1 allostasis, [20] or hyperdeiodination, as in type 2 allostasis, including posttraumatic stress disorder ...