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Escherichia coli (/ ˌ ɛ ʃ ə ˈ r ɪ k i ə ˈ k oʊ l aɪ / ESH-ə-RIK-ee-ə KOH-lye) [1] [2] is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.
The 12 E. coli LTEE populations on June 25, 2008. [1]The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California, Irvine, carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University, [2] and currently overseen by Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. [3]
Escherichia coli (/ ˌ ɛ ʃ ɪ ˈ r ɪ k i ə ˈ k oʊ l aɪ /; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). The descendants of two isolates, K-12 and B strain, are used routinely in molecular biology as both a tool and a model organism.
The 12 evolving E. coli populations on June 25, 2008. The E. coli long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in experimental evolution led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988. [13]
The book makes the case that the flagellum and antibiotic resistance evolved and continue to evolve due to selection pressure. [3] [2] Zimmer devotes considerable attention to phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in E. coli genesis and notes that selection can be powered by humans individually (e.g., by antibiotic administration), collectively (e.g., by large-scale industrial food ...
While many Escherichia are commensal members of the gut microbiota, certain strains of some species, most notably the pathogenic serotypes of E. coli, are human pathogens, [7] and are the most common cause of urinary tract infections, [8] significant sources of gastrointestinal disease, ranging from simple diarrhea to dysentery-like conditions, [3] as well as a wide range of other pathogenic ...
A large-scale example of experimental evolution is Richard Lenski's multi-generation experiment with Escherichia coli. Lenski observed that some strains of E. coli evolved a complex new ability, the ability to metabolize citrate, after tens of thousands of generations.
Escherichia coli is a badly classified species as some strains share only 20% of their genome. Being so diverse it should be given a higher taxonomic ranking. [ 96 ] However, due to the medical conditions associated with the species, it will not be changed to avoid confusion in medical context.