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Liquid hydrogen (H2(l)) is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. Hydrogen is found naturally in the molecular H 2 form. [4] To exist as a liquid, H 2 must be cooled below its critical point of 33 K. However, for it to be in a fully liquid state at atmospheric pressure, H 2 needs to be cooled to 20.28 K (−252.87 °C; −423.17 °F). [5]
A bubble chamber is a vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid (most often liquid hydrogen) used to detect electrically charged particles moving through it. It was invented in 1952 by Donald A. Glaser, [1] for which he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics. [2] Supposedly, Glaser was inspired by the bubbles in a glass of beer ...
Cryogenics technology using liquid nitrogen and CO 2 has been built into nightclub effect systems to create a chilling effect and white fog that can be illuminated with colored lights. Cryogenic cooling is used to cool the tool tip at the time of machining in manufacturing process. It increases the tool life.
The liquid hydrogen was in contact with wires leading to a device measuring electrical resistance. The scientists found that, as pressure rose to 140 GPa (1,400,000 atm; 21,000,000 psi), the electronic energy band gap, a measure of electrical resistance, fell to almost zero. The band gap of hydrogen in its uncompressed state is about 15 eV ...
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [11] but more commonly called hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, [12] non-toxic, and highly ...
Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol 2H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, 1 H. The deuterium nucleus, called a deuteron, contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common 1 H has no neutrons. Deuterium has a natural abundance in Earth's oceans of about one ...
Hydrogen cryomagnetics. Hydrogen cryomagnetics is a term used to denote the use of cryogenic liquid hydrogen to cool the windings of an electromagnet. [1] A key benefit of hydrogen cryomagnetics is that low temperature liquid hydrogen can be deployed simultaneously both as a cryogen to cool electromagnet windings and as an energy carrier .
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and Fermionic ...