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Two antipodal points, u and v are also shown. The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path between the two points on the surface of the sphere. (By comparison, the shortest path passing ...
Poloidal direction (red arrow) and toroidal direction (blue arrow) A torus can be parametrized as: [2] (,) = (+ ) (,) = (+ ) (,) = . using angular coordinates , [,), representing rotation around the tube and rotation around the torus' axis of revolution, respectively, where the major radius is the distance from the center of the tube to the center of the torus and the minor ...
The mass of any of the discs is the mass of the sphere multiplied by the ratio of the volume of an infinitely thin disc divided by the volume of a sphere (with constant radius ). The volume of an infinitely thin disc is π R 2 d x {\displaystyle \pi R^{2}\,dx} , or π ( a 2 − x 2 ) d x {\textstyle \pi \left(a^{2}-x^{2}\right)dx} .
The theorem applied to an open cylinder, cone and a sphere to obtain their surface areas. The centroids are at a distance a (in red) from the axis of rotation.. In mathematics, Pappus's centroid theorem (also known as the Guldinus theorem, Pappus–Guldinus theorem or Pappus's theorem) is either of two related theorems dealing with the surface areas and volumes of surfaces and solids of ...
The haversine formula determines the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes. Important in navigation , it is a special case of a more general formula in spherical trigonometry , the law of haversines , that relates the sides and angles of spherical triangles.
The volume of a n-ball is the Lebesgue measure of this ball, which generalizes to any dimension the usual volume of a ball in 3-dimensional space. The volume of a n -ball of radius R is where is the volume of the unit n -ball, the n -ball of radius 1. The real number can be expressed via a two-dimension recurrence relation.
In geometry, a sphere packing is an arrangement of non-overlapping spheres within a containing space. The spheres considered are usually all of identical size, and the space is usually three- dimensional Euclidean space. However, sphere packing problems can be generalised to consider unequal spheres, spaces of other dimensions (where the ...
For a larger sphere, the band will be thinner but longer. In geometry, the napkin-ring problem involves finding the volume of a "band" of specified height around a sphere, i.e. the part that remains after a hole in the shape of a circular cylinder is drilled through the center of the sphere. It is a counterintuitive fact that this volume does ...