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  2. Galaxy color–magnitude diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_color–magnitude...

    The galaxy color–magnitude diagram shows the relationship between absolute magnitude (a measure of luminosity) and mass of galaxies. A preliminary description of the three areas of this diagram was made in 2003 by Eric F. Bell et al. from the COMBO-17 survey [1] that clarified the bimodal distribution of red and blue galaxies as seen in the ...

  3. List of galaxies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_galaxies

    5 Closest Galaxies Rank Galaxy Distance Notes 1 Milky Way Galaxy: 0 This is the galaxy containing the Sun and its Solar System, and therefore Earth. 2 Ursa Major III: 0.032 Mly 3 Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: 0.081 Mly 4 Large Magellanic Cloud: 0.163 Mly Largest satellite galaxy of the Milky Way 5 Small Magellanic Cloud: 0.197 Mly

  4. Galaxy morphological classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_morphological...

    Tuning-fork-style diagram of the Hubble sequence. Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin ...

  5. Cosmic distance ladder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder

    The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects. A direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are "close enough" (within about a thousand parsecs) to Earth.

  6. List of brightest stars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars

    The Sun is the brightest star as viewed from Earth, at −26.78 mag. The second brightest is Sirius at −1.46 mag. For comparison, the brightest non-stellar objects in the Solar System have maximum brightnesses of: the Moon −12.7 mag [1] Venus −4.92 mag. Jupiter −2.94 mag. Mars −2.94 mag.

  7. Cosmic latte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_latte

    Cosmic latte is the average color of the galaxies of the universe as perceived from the Earth, found by a team of astronomers from Johns Hopkins University (JHU). In 2002, Karl Glazebrook and Ivan Baldry determined that the average color of the universe was a greenish white, but they soon corrected their analysis in a 2003 paper in which they reported that their survey of the light from over ...

  8. Stellar classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification

    In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with spectral lines. Each line indicates a particular chemical element ...

  9. Color–color diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorcolor_diagram

    A colorcolor diagram is a means of comparing the colors of an astronomical object at different wavelengths. Astronomers typically observe at narrow bands around certain wavelengths, and objects observed will have different brightnesses in each band. The difference in brightness between two bands is referred to as an object's color index, or ...