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Opioid withdrawal is a set of symptoms (a syndrome) arising from the sudden withdrawal or reduction of opioids where previous usage has been heavy and prolonged. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Signs and symptoms of withdrawal can include drug craving , anxiety , restless legs, nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , sweating, and an increased heart rate .
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued use despite physical and/or psychological deterioration, increased tolerance with use, and withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing opioids. [12] Opioid withdrawal symptoms include nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation ...
Measuring opioid withdrawal symptoms was first introduced to clinics, hospitals and used as a source of evidence for researchers around the mid-1930s. [1] Over time, the progression and development in health and medicine allowed the introduction of new and more advanced scales which tested for more signs and symptoms.
Specialty. Psychiatry. Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, or substance withdrawal syndrome, [1] is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs. In order for the symptoms of withdrawal to occur, one must have first developed a form of drug dependence.
Post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) is a hypothesized set of persistent impairments that occur after withdrawal from alcohol, [1][2] opiates, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and other substances. [3][4][5] Infants born to mothers who used substances of dependence during pregnancy may also experience a PAWS. [6][7] While PAWS has been ...
An opioid overdose is toxicity due to excessive consumption of opioids, such as morphine, codeine, heroin, fentanyl, tramadol, and methadone. [3][5] This preventable pathology can be fatal if it leads to respiratory depression, a lethal condition that can cause hypoxia from slow and shallow breathing. [3] Other symptoms include small pupils ...