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The sum of the internal angle and the external angle on the same vertex is π radians (180°). The sum of all the internal angles of a simple polygon is π (n −2) radians or 180 (n –2) degrees, where n is the number of sides. The formula can be proved by using mathematical induction: starting with a triangle, for which the angle sum is 180 ...
For a spherical triangle, the sum of the angles is greater than 180° and can be up to 540°. The amount by which the sum of the angles exceeds 180° is called the spherical excess, denoted as Ε or Δ. [7] Specifically, the sum of the angles is 180° × (1 + 4f), where f is the fraction of the sphere's area which is enclosed by the triangle.
The product-to-sum identities [28] or prosthaphaeresis formulae can be proven by expanding their right-hand sides using the angle addition theorems. Historically, the first four of these were known as Werner's formulas, after Johannes Werner who used them for astronomical calculations. [29]
Exterior angle – The exterior angle is the supplementary angle to the interior angle. Tracing around a convex n -gon, the angle "turned" at a corner is the exterior or external angle. Tracing all the way around the polygon makes one full turn , so the sum of the exterior angles must be 360°.
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two interior angles that are not adjacent to it; this is the exterior angle theorem. [27] The sum of the measures of the three exterior angles (one for each vertex) of any triangle is 360 degrees, and indeed, this is true for any convex polygon, no matter ...
In geometry, a simple polygon is a polygon that does not intersect itself and has no holes. That is, it is a piecewise-linear Jordan curve consisting of finitely many line segments. These polygons include as special cases the convex polygons, star-shaped polygons, and monotone polygons. The sum of external angles of a simple polygon is .
The sum and difference formulas allow expanding the sine, the cosine, and the tangent of a sum or a difference of two angles in terms of sines and cosines and tangents of the angles themselves. These can be derived geometrically, using arguments that date to Ptolemy. One can also produce them algebraically using Euler's formula. Sum
In geometry a quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon, ... This is a special case of the n-gon interior angle sum formula: S = (n − 2) × 180° (here, n=4). [2]