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Greatest distance between any two points in the 50 states: 5,859 miles (9,429 km), from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Log Point, Elliott Key, Florida. [23] Greatest distance between any two points in the contiguous 48 states: 2,901 miles (4,669 km), from North Farallon Island, California, to Sail Rock, east of West Quoddy Head, Maine. [23]
The longest continuous north–south distance on land is 7,590 km (4,720 mi) along the meridian 99°1'30"E, from the northern tip of Siberia in the Russian Federation (76°13′6″N 99°1′30″E / 76.21833°N 99.02500°E / 76.21833; 99.02500. ), through Mongolia, China, and Myanmar, to a point on the south coast of Thailand (7 ...
Definition. The trace distance is defined as half of the trace norm of the difference of the matrices: where is the trace norm of , and is the unique positive semidefinite such that (which is always defined for positive semidefinite ). This can be thought of as the matrix obtained from taking the algebraic square roots of its eigenvalues.
Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and Fermionic ...
The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body [1]. It is calculated as the distance between the centre of gravity of a ship and its metacentre. A larger metacentric height implies greater initial stability against overturning. The metacentric height also influences the natural period of rolling ...
The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point and a distribution , introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936. [1] The mathematical details of Mahalanobis distance has appeared in the Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal. [2] Mahalanobis's definition was prompted by the problem of identifying the similarities of skulls ...
(The distance AB along the parallel is (a cos φ) λ. The length of the chord AB is 2(a cos φ) sin λ / 2 . This chord subtends an angle at the centre equal to 2arcsin(cos φ sin λ / 2 ) and the great circle distance between A and B is 2a arcsin(cos φ sin λ / 2 ).) In the extreme case where the longitudinal separation ...