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The pater familias, also written as paterfamilias (pl.: patres familias), [1] was the head of a Roman family. [2] The pater familias was the oldest living male in a household, and could legally exercise autocratic authority over his extended family. The term is Latin for "father of the family" or the "owner of the family estate".
Ara Pacis showing the imperial family of Augustus Gold glass portrait of husband and wife (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Museo Sacro). The ancient Roman family was a complex social structure, based mainly on the nuclear family, but also included various combinations of other members, such as extended family members, household slaves, and freed slaves.
Foursomes also appear in Roman art, typically with two men and two women, sometimes in same-sex pairings. [63] Roman attitudes toward male nudity differ from those of the ancient Greeks, who regarded idealized portrayals of the nude male. The wearing of the toga marked a Roman man as a free citizen. [64]
Roman fresco from the Tomb of Esquilino, c. 300-280 B.C. As with the other arts, the art of painting in Ancient Rome was indebted to its Greek antecedents. In archaic times, when Rome was still under Etruscan influence, they shared a linear style learned from the Ionian Greeks of the Archaic period, showing scenes from Greek mythology, daily life, funeral games, banquet scenes with musicians ...
The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work.Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered to be minor forms of Roman art, [1] although they were not considered as such at the time.
Roman Republican art is the artistic production that took place in Roman territory during the period of the Republic, conventionally from 509 BC to 27 BC. The military, political and economic development of the Roman Republic did not coincide with the development of an autonomous artistic civilization.
Buried and unseen for nearly 2,000 years, a series of striking paintings showing Helen of Troy and other Greek heroes has been uncovered in the ruined Roman town of Pompeii.
Roman women could own, inherit, and control property as citizens, and therefore could exercise prerogatives of the paterfamilias pertaining to ownership and inheritance. [2] They played an increasingly significant role in succession and the inheritance of property from the 2nd century BC through the 2nd century AD, [ 3 ] but as an instrument ...