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Pope Alexander IV (1199 or c. 1185 – 25 May 1261) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death. Early career
Alexander IV ALEXANDER Quartus: Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States: 55 / 62 Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Established an Inquisition in France. 182: 29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (3 years, 34 days) Urban IV ...
Alexander IV Allowed the inquisitors to absolve each other for any "canonical irregularities in their important work". [47] 1258 Quod super nonnullis: Alexander IV Ordered all papal inquisitors to avoid investigating charges of divination and sorcery unless they also “clearly savored of manifest heresy.” [48] 1263/1264 Exultavit cor nostrum
The 1254 papal election (11–12 December) took place following the death of Pope Innocent IV and ended with the choice of Raynaldus de' Conti, who took the name Pope Alexander IV. The election was held in Naples, in the former palazzo of Pietro della Vigna, and required only one day.
The 1261 papal election (26 May – 29 August) took place after the death of Pope Alexander IV on 25 May and chose Pope Urban IV as his successor. Since Pope Alexander had been resident in Viterbo since the first week of May 1261, the meeting of the cardinals to elect his successor took place in the Episcopal Palace at Viterbo, which was next ...
Peter III of Aragon, by Pope Martin IV; Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse was excommunicated by Pierre de Castelnau, legate of Pope Innocent III in 1207 for refusing to persecute Albigensians in his lands and even showing them signs of favour, such as allowing them to preach in front of him. He later did penance and joined in the crusade against ...
In 1159, Alexander III was elected pope by a narrow majority of the conclave. An antipope, Victor IV, was immediately elected, supported by the emperor. Alexander III had to flee Italy and took refuge in France. Open conflict erupted when Frederick Barbarossa sought to impose the imperial tax on Italian cities, which they refused.
1184: Pope Lucius III bans the Waldensians. [23] October 2, 1187: The Siege of Jerusalem. Ayyubid forces led by Saladin capture Jerusalem, prompting the Third Crusade. 1188: Pope Innocent III issued a bull that proclaimed the emancipation of all slaves. [24] January 8, 1198: Lotario de' Conti di Segni elected Pope Innocent III. His pontificate ...