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The desired outcome of treatment is a long-term plasma HIV-RNA count below 50 copies/mL. [33] Levels to determine if treatment is effective are initially recommended after four weeks and once levels fall below 50 copies/mL checks every three to six months are typically adequate. [33] Inadequate control is deemed to be greater than 400 copies/mL ...
Cognitive impairments associated with HIV occur in the domains of attention, memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial construction. Specifically for memory, the lowered activity of the hippocampus changes the basis for memory encoding and affects mechanisms such as long-term potentiation. [10]
The within-host dynamics of HIV infection include the spread of the virus in vivo, the establishment of latency, the effects of immune response on the virus, etc. [6] [7] Early studies used simple models and only considered the cell-free spreading of HIV, in which virus particles bud from an infected T cell, enter the blood/extracellular fluid ...
The activation and proliferation of T cells that results from immune activation provides fresh targets for HIV infection. However, direct killing by HIV alone cannot account for the observed depletion of CD4 + T cells since only 0.01–0.10% of CD4 + T cells in the blood are infected. [citation needed]
Long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), are individuals infected with HIV, who maintain a CD4 count greater than 500 without antiretroviral therapy with a detectable viral load. [1] Many of these patients have been HIV positive for 30 years without progressing to the point of needing to take medication in order not to develop AIDS.
HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [15] part of the family Retroviridae. [16] Lentiviruses have many morphologies and biological properties in common. Many species are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long incubation period. [17]
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