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In ancient Egypt, Upper Egypt was known as tꜣ šmꜣw, [3] literally "the Land of Reeds" or "the Sedgeland", named for the sedges that grow there. [4]In Arabic, the region is called Sa'id or Sahid, from صعيد meaning "uplands", from the root صعد meaning to go up, ascend, or rise.
The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent , a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms.
The title "pharaoh" is used for those rulers of Ancient Egypt who ruled after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Narmer during the Early Dynastic Period, approximately 3100 BC. However, the specific title was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty, c. 1400 BC.
During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies on the Delta and merged both the Kingdom of Upper and Lower Egypt under his single rule. [5] Narmer is shown on palettes wearing the double crown , composed of the lotus flower representing Upper Egypt and the papyrus reed representing Lower Egypt - a sign of the unified rule of ...
The Valley of the Kings, [a] also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings, [b] [2] is an area in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the Eighteenth Dynasty to the Twentieth Dynasty, rock-cut tombs were excavated for pharaohs and powerful nobles under the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt.
Some dynasties only ruled part of Egypt and existed concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. The 7th might not have existed at all, the 10th seems to be a continuation of the 9th , and there might have been one or several Upper Egyptian Dynasties before what is termed the 1st Dynasty .
Although the Narmer Palette is more famous because it shows the first king to wear both the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Scorpion Macehead indicates some early military hostility with the north by showing dead lapwings, the symbol of Lower Egypt, hung from standards. [13] John Garstang excavated at Nekhen in 1905–06.
Predynastic ruler of Egypt, earliest king of Egypt known by name. Ruled Upper Egypt at least as far north as Memphis. Isesi-ankh: High official: 5th dynasty: fl. c. 24th century BC: High official, Overseer of all the works of the King, Overseer of the expedition, Royal companion. Possibly A son of king Djedkare Isesi. Isesu: Princess: 4th dynasty