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  2. Discounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounting

    [2] [6] The "discount rate" is the rate at which the "discount" must grow as the delay in payment is extended. [7] This fact is directly tied into the time value of money and its calculations. [1] The present value of $1,000, 100 years into the future. Curves representing constant discount rates of 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%

  3. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_methods_in_plant...

    Analysis of yield components revealed that C22 was superior to C0 in grain weight, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, and total yield per unit area (Table 3). Because the two genotypes were phenologically different, planting density optima are probably different for each population.

  4. Cropping system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cropping_system

    This is a fast and cheap way to clear a field in preparation for the next planting, and can assist with pest control, but has a number of drawbacks: organic matter (carbon) is lost from the system, soil is exposed and becomes more susceptible to erosion, and the smoke produced is an atmospheric pollutant. [20]

  5. Crop yield - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_yield

    One of the three seeds must be set aside for the next planting season, the remaining two either consumed by the grower, or for livestock feed. In parts of Europe the seed ratio during the 9th century was merely 1:2.5, in the Low Countries it improved to 1:14 with the introduction of the three-field system of crop rotation around the 14th century.

  6. Maximum sustainable yield - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_sustainable_yield

    At this point, called the maximum sustainable yield, there is a surplus of individuals that can be harvested because growth of the population is at its maximum point due to the large number of reproducing individuals. Above this point, density dependent factors increasingly limit breeding until the population reaches carrying capacity.

  7. Contour plowing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_plowing

    Contour plowing or contour farming is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour line furrows create a water break, reducing the formation of rills and gullies during heavy precipitation and allowing more time for the water to settle into the soil. [ 1 ]

  8. Bond valuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_valuation

    Various related yield-measures are then calculated for the given price. Where the market price of bond is less than its par value, the bond is selling at a discount. Conversely, if the market price of bond is greater than its par value, the bond is selling at a premium. For this and other relationships between price and yield, see below.

  9. Direct and Counter-Cyclical Program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_Counter...

    93.5 percent of the 1998-2001 average yield; or; the direct payment yield (PFC yield) plus 70 percent of the difference between the 1998- 2001 average and the direct payment yield. Farm owners had to use the same counter-cyclical payment yield method for all eligible commodities on a farm.