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Chlortalidone is considered a first-line medication for treatment of high blood pressure. [2] Some recommend chlortalidone over hydrochlorothiazide. [1] [15] A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that chlortalidone is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide for lowering blood pressure, while the two drugs have similar toxicity.
Lower age of first childbirth, compared to the average age of 24, [50] having more children (about 7% lowered risk per child), and breastfeeding (4.3% per breastfeeding year, with an average relative risk around 0.7 [51] [52]) have all been correlated to lowered breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, but not postmenopausal women, in large ...
Breast pain that is not linked to a menstrual cycle is called noncyclic breast pain. Noncyclical breast pain has various causes and is harder to diagnose and frequently the root cause is outside the breast. Some degree of non-cyclical breast tenderness can normally be present due to hormonal changes in puberty (both in girls and boys), in ...
Some types of breast pain are normal—but others could signify a larger issue. Skip to main content. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways to reach us ...
In contrast, a New England Journal of Medicine article [21] states that for women with a strong familial history of breast cancer, the risk of future breast cancer is roughly doubled, independent of histological status. The article further states "The relative risk of breast cancer for the cohort was 1.56 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.45 ...
The researchers estimated that over a 15-year period, the risk of developing breast cancer in women who used oral contraceptives for at least five years ranged from 0.008% for use from age 16 to ...
Post-mastectomy pain syndrome is a chronic neuropathic pain that usually manifests as continuous pain in the arm, axilla, chest wall, and breast region. [3] Pain is most likely to start after surgery, [3] although adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may sometimes cause new symptoms to appear. [4]
Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy could lower the risk of ovarian cancer by 85 to 90% and the risk of breast cancer by 40 to 70%. Ovary removal may also reduce the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women by eliminating a source of hormones which can fuel the growth of some types of breast cancer. [1]