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Independence is a fundamental notion in probability theory, as in statistics and the theory of stochastic processes.Two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent [1] if, informally speaking, the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other or, equivalently, does not affect the odds.
It is possible to have multiple independent variables or multiple dependent variables. For instance, in multivariable calculus, one often encounters functions of the form z = f(x,y), where z is a dependent variable and x and y are independent variables. [8] Functions with multiple outputs are often referred to as vector-valued functions.
The Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) was a non-profit education corporation that was recognized by the United States Department of Education as an independent and autonomous higher education accrediting body until 2022.
The National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) located in Washington D.C. It is an organization of private American colleges and universities. Founded in 1976, [1] it is made up of over 1,000 independent higher education institutions.
The quasi-independent variable is the variable that is manipulated in order to affect a dependent variable. It is generally a grouping variable with different levels. Grouping means two or more groups, such as two groups receiving alternative treatments, or a treatment group and a no-treatment group (which may be given a placebo – placebos ...
As another example, two scientific devices could be considered independent sources of measurement data, unless they shared the same wiring or electrical power supply (or similar factors). Consulting multiple independent sources is a common technique for detecting errors and deception , as any divergences or contradictions between statements, or ...
An auditor who is independent 'in fact' has the ability to make independent decisions even if there is a perceived lack of independence present, [1] or if the auditor is placed in a compromising position by company directors. Many difficulties lie in determining whether an auditor is truly independent, since it is impossible to observe and ...
Magang may refer to: Masteel Group (马钢集团), also known as Magang (Group) Holding, a state-owned Chinese steel-making enterprise; Maanshan Iron and Steel ...