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Using metric units, the volumetric flow rate of a nozzle is given by =, [1] [2] where q is the flow rate in litres per minute ( l/min ), p is the pressure at the nozzle in bar and K is the K-factor is given in units of (/) /.
In locations where a municipal connection is not possible or practical, the required water may be drawn from an open body of water (e.g., lake, pond, river) or a water storage tank. Hydraulic calculations determine if the available water supply pressure is adequate to provide the sprinkler system design flowrate.
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available ...
A jockey pump is sized for a flow less than one sprinkler in order to ensure a system pressure drop significant enough to start the main fire pump. Jockey pumps are typically small multistage centrifugal pumps, and do not have to be listed or certified for fire system application. The control equipment for jockey pumps may however carry approvals.
Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers. [1] [2] A circular area centered on the pivot is irrigated, often creating a circular pattern in crops when viewed ...
These sprinklers can be fixed spray heads that have a set pattern and generally spray between 1.5 and 2 m (5 and 7 ft), full rotating sprinklers that can spray a broken stream of water from 6 to 12 m (20 to 40 ft), or small drip emitters that release a slow, steady drip of water on more delicate plants such as flowers and shrubs.
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A fire sprinkler mounted on a ceiling. A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.